Strong international competition calls for rapid product change, higher quality, lower cost and shorter time to markets. Smaller and smarter by transdisciplinarity will be the key issue in the future, innovative systems integration will pose a major challenge. The evolution of the critical dimension of technologies into the nanometer scale together with the exploitation of completely new phenomena at the atomic and molecular levels has opened opportunities for groundbreaking solutions to old and new problems in bioengineering, environment, human-machine interface, etc. The ability to miniaturise and integrate intelligence and new functionalities into conventional and new components and materials is particularly relevant for the implementation of the vision of ambient intelligence and to extend this vision towards ‘ambient assisted living’ in general.
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